Biodiversity is central to the production of ecosystem services. The main problem for biodiversity studies has been the gap between theory and practice. Worksheets are lesson 3 biodiversity basics, biodiversity is amazing, the wild classroom biodiversity, lesson, what is biodiversity, biology unit 3 introduction to biodiversity which, a teachers guide to biodiversity, grade 6 biodiversity activities. The concept of diversity, including biodiversity itself as well as the narrower concept of species diversity, is a human construct without any unique mathematical.
Biodiversity itself is not generally considered an ecosystem. Biodiversity means the richness and variety of life of genes, species and ecosystems. We argue that biodiversity is inherently a phenotypic concept and that role, as manifested in the organismal extended phenotype, is a necessary component of the species concept. The concept of biodiversity continues to evolve and more recently it. Biodiversity is the foundation of a vast array of ecosystem services essential for human wellbeing see figure 2.
Environment conservation journal 163 1928, 2015 issn 09723099 print 22785124 online abstracted and indexed biodiversity. The concept of biodiversity and the history of conservation. As all the organisms in an ecosystem are interlinked and interdependent, the value of biodiversity in the life of all the organisms including humans is enormous. Biodiversity is natures insurance policy biologically diverse ecosystems offer a variety of natural products, including medical ingredients that enhance human health and standard of. Unfortunately, different methods of diagnosing species can arrive at different entities. The concept of biodiversity continues to evolve and more recently it has been included in the idea of ecosystem services in that it is a form of natural capital and thus underpins the functioning of ecosystems. Biodiversity conservation has three main objectives. Biodiversity is the foundation of human development, and biodiversity conservation technology should be supported for rural landscape construction. Viewing species as historically connected populations with unique role brings together the temporal and phenotypic natures of species, providing a clear way to view. Biodiversity and the species conceptlineages are not.
The term biodiversity encompasses variety of biological life at more than. Concept of biodiversity the term biodiversity is a contraction of the phrase biological diversity. Biodiversity, besides its ecological significance provides a socioeconomic and monetary asset to the nation. Myers, although without quantitative criteria but relying solely on the high levels of habitat loss and the presence of an extraordinary number of plant endemism, identified ten. These varying concepts of biodiversity occasionally lead to conflicts among researchers and policy makers, as each of them require a customized type of protection strategy. The concept of biodiversity continues to evolve and more recently it has been included in the idea of ecosystem services in that it is a form of natural capital and thus underpins the functioning of ecosystems 10, 11. While discussion of the various methodologies has previously been restricted mostly to taxonomists, the demarcation of species is also crucial for conservation biology. Genetic diversity is one alternate concept of biodiversity. Neurodiversity a revolutionary concept for autism and psychiatry simon baroncohen department of psychiatry, autism research centre, university of cambridge, cambridge, uk autism is now 73 years old and our clinical and scienti. Basic concept of climate change adaptation on biodiversity.
Biodiversity may refer to the diversity of genes, species or ecosystems in general. Short for biological diversity, biodiversity includes all organisms, species, and populations. Failure to do so will quickly generate confusion and misunderstanding, since it is frequent to find different and even contradictory results on different scales wiens, 1989. The biodiversity hotspots concept the british ecologist norman myers first published the biodiversity hotspot thesis in 1988. The sequel to that first biodiversity book, naturally titled biodiversity ii reakakudla et al. Biodiversity conservation different methods and strategies.
The study of the spatial distribution of organisms, species and ecosystems, is the science of biogeography. Biodiversity and conservation although india h as only 2. The uniqueness of our planet earth is due to the presence of life manifested through the diversity in flora and fauna. Ecological concepts, principles and applications to. Biodiversity is defined as the variability among living organisms from all. The impact of species concept on biodiversity studies. Biodiversity itself is not generally considered an ecosystem service but rather supports environmental functions. Biodiversity concepts and urban ecosystems sciencedirect. Abstract species are defined using a variety of different operational techniques. Unfortunately, global statistics indicate a speedy decline in the numbers of flora. The concept of biodiversity has provoked considerable debate and misunderstanding among the general public, decisionmakers, and even the scientific community.
As biodiversity is expressed in a multitude of spatial scales, it is essential to specify the scales of interest when using the term biodiversity savard, 1994. Basic concepts and importance of biodiversity authorstream. Most prominently, it is widely thought that use of a. From the hot arid deserts of the sahara, through the lush green rainforests of the amazon, to the ocean depths and bright corals, our natural world is a marvel of different landscapes, materials, colours and textures. Convention on biological diversity preamble the contracting parties, conscious of the intrinsic value of biological diversity and of the ecological, genetic, social, economic, scientific, educational, cultural, recreational and aesthetic values of biological diversity and its components. Trends in stream biodiversity research since the river. The scientific estimation of total numbm of species made by robert mayer is about 7 million. Biodiversity is the most precious gift of nature the mankind is blessed with. Exams, download the available pdfs as these can be the perfect study material for you. Genetic diversity or variation is the raw material for adaptation in a species. Concept of biodiversity and its conservation, important ssc articles, follow achievers rule to prepare for the upcoming govt.
Distinguishes between species diversity, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity. Biodiversity conservation is the protection and management of biodiversity to obtain resources for sustainable development. Pdf biodiversity plays significant roles in the lives of humans. Biodiversity, also called biological diversity, the variety of life found in a place on earth or, often, the total variety of life on earth. Colombia and kenya, for example, each have more than 1,000 breeding species of birds, whereas the forests of great britain and of eastern north america are home. Functional biodiversity and the concept of ecological. Habitat degradation, overexploitation, invasive alien species, pollution and climate change are all affecting. Nearly 45,000 species of plants and twice as many of animals have been recorded from india. Three levels of biodiversity are commonly discussed genetic, species and. Biological diversity or biodiversity is defined as the variety and variability among the living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur. Despite these challengesor perh aps inspired by themstream eco logy has produced a rich body of. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly over the world, leading to myers concept of biodiversity hotspots. Biodiversity itself is not generally considered an ecosystem service but rather supports environmental functions 11.
In this section we will discuss various models that explain diversity. Thegreypolygonrepresents the 95% confidence interval, whereas red dots give maximum and minimum. Define the term biodiversity and explain how this concept. A common measure of this variety, called species richness, is the count of species in an area. The term biological diversity appeared early in 1968 in the book a different. Nonphylogenetic species concepts the concept of species has been well discussed in the literature. Ecosystem services and biodiversity european commission. Conservation is the protection, preservation, management, or restoration of wildlife and natural resources such as forests and water.
A multiscale approach is thus necessary to properly. Basic concept of climate change adaptation on biodiversity in japan. Organisms depend on it for the air to breathe, the food to eat, and the water to drink. The red line shows the average change acrossallcombinations ofgenes,species,ortraits. The concept of biodiversity has provoked considerable debate and. Biodiversity encompasses the variety of life, at all levels. Pdf the concept of biodiversity and its relevance to mankind. The health and social benefits of nature and biodiversity. What is biodiversity a definition of biodiversity and its value. Pdf biodiversity is the variety of different forms of life on earth, including the different plants, animals, microorganisms, the genes they contain. To reduce the loss of biodiversity and deterioration of ecosystem services, it is necessary to reduce greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, but it. Biodiversity is a shorthand way of saying biological diversity. Much has been published on the subject since its first appearance at the national forum on biodiversity in september, 1986, the proceedings of which became the bestseller, biodiversity. The conservation of native biodiversity appears to.
It is the number of different species of plants, animals, and microorganisms. Among other factors, the diversity of all living things depends on temperature, precipitation, altitude, soils, geography and the presence of other species. But it also traces the study of aspects of biodiversity back as far as aristotle. Neet biology notes biodiversity and wildlife conservation. It has been estimated that more than 50 million species of plants, animals and microorganisms are. Concepts and values in biodiversity 1st edition dirk. Through the conservation of biodiversity and the survival of many species and habitats which are threatened due to human activities can be ensured. Define the term biodiversity and explain how this concept could be applied to forage production this diversity of biological organisms is known more popularly by the term biodiversity. A species future potential for adaptation depends on the genetic diversity held in the genomes of the individuals in populations that make up the species.
Biodiversity is the variety of different forms of life on earth, including the different plants, animals, microorganisms, the genes they contain and the ecosystem they form. Human society depends on biological resources, their diversity and the ecosystems that sustain them to provide essential goods and services. To maintain lifesupporting systems and essential ecological processes. Biodiversity is the heterogeneity which exists at different levels of biological organisations in our biosphere. That is what makes our country one of the 12 mega diversity countries of the world. The importance of biodiversity was one of the key subjects. Biodiversity is not evenly distributed, rather it varies greatly across the globe as well as within regions. The more general objective is to evaluate the social benefits potential and actual associated with eu biodiversity policy. The term biodiversity was popularised by the sociobiologist edward wilson. Biodiversity includes all of the various forms of life on earth.
Diversity among organisms includes both genetic diversity and species diversity. This follows from the recognition by an increasing number of ecologists of the explanatory and predictive limitations of more traditional species richness measures of biodiversity. Biodiversity is the amount of variety of life on earth. In the last decades, functional biodiversity has become a central focus in ecology and environmental conservation e. Biodiversity has evolutionary, ecological, economic, social, cultural, and intrinsic values. It refers to genetic variation, ecosystem variation, species variation. Biodiversity includes diversity within species genetic diversity, between species. It includes organisms from earths vastly different ecosystems, including deserts, rainforests, coral reefs, grasslands, tundra, and polar ice caps.